Parallelism, also known as parallel structure, is a rhetorical device that involves using similar grammatical constructions to express related ideas. This technique enhances readability, emphasizes connections between concepts, and adds rhythm to writing. In this article, we’ll explore various examples of parallelism in literature, speeches, and everyday language, and discuss how to effectively incorporate this device into your own writing.
What is Parallelism?
Parallelism refers to the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same or similar in their construction, sound, meaning, or meter. This repetition of structure can occur at the level of words, phrases, or entire sentences. By aligning similar elements, parallelism creates a sense of balance and harmony in writing.
Examples of Parallelism in Literature
Shakespeare’s Use of Parallelism
William Shakespeare masterfully employed parallelism to enhance the impact of his dialogue. In “Julius Caesar,” Mark Antony’s speech contains the line:
“When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept: Ambition should be made of sterner stuff: Yet Brutus says he was ambitious; And Brutus is an honorable man.”
Here, the repetition of the phrase “Brutus is an honorable man” serves to question Brutus’s honor through irony, while the parallel structure emphasizes the contrast between Caesar’s actions and Brutus’s claims. )
Charles Dickens’ Balanced Sentences
In “A Tale of Two Cities,” Charles Dickens opens with a series of balanced sentences:
“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness…”
This use of parallelism juxtaposes contrasting ideas, highlighting the complexities of the era. )
Parallelism in Speeches
Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream”
Martin Luther King Jr.’s iconic speech is rich with parallel structures. The repeated phrase “I have a dream” introduces various visions for a better future, reinforcing his message and making it memorable. )
John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address
In his 1961 inaugural address, President John F. Kennedy famously stated:
“Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.”
This antithetical parallelism contrasts two ideas, urging citizens to contribute to the nation. )
Types of Parallelism
Antithetic Parallelism
Antithetic parallelism involves juxtaposing contrasting ideas in a parallel structure. For example, Alexander Pope wrote:
“To err is human; to forgive, divine.”
This contrast emphasizes the difference between human fallibility and divine grace. )
Climactic Parallelism
Climactic parallelism builds intensity by arranging phrases in ascending order of importance. Martin Luther King Jr.’s speech includes:
“Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania…”
This structure amplifies the emotional impact of his message. )
Parallelism in Everyday Language
Parallelism is not limited to literature and speeches; it’s prevalent in everyday expressions:
- “Easy come, easy go.”
- “Like father, like son.”
- “No pain, no gain.”
These phrases use parallel structure to convey ideas succinctly and memorably.
Benefits of Using Parallelism
Incorporating parallelism into your writing offers several advantages:
- Enhances Clarity: Parallel structures make complex ideas easier to understand.
- Improves Readability: Balanced sentences create a pleasing rhythm, engaging readers.
- Emphasizes Relationships: Highlighting connections between ideas strengthens arguments.
- Increases Memorability: Repetition of structures makes phrases more memorable.
Tips for Implementing Parallelism
To effectively use parallelism in your writing:
- Maintain Consistency: Ensure that elements in a series follow the same grammatical form.
- Use Parallelism for Emphasis: Employ parallel structures to highlight key points.
- Avoid Overuse: While effective, excessive parallelism can become monotonous.
- Read Aloud: Hearing your writing can help identify and refine parallel structures.
Common Questions About Parallelism
What is the purpose of parallelism in writing?
Parallelism enhances clarity, readability, and emphasis by aligning similar elements in a sentence, making the text more engaging and memorable.
Can parallelism be used in poetry?
Yes, poets often use parallelism to create rhythm and emphasize themes. For example, Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself” employs parallel structures to convey unity and diversity. )
How does parallelism differ from repetition?
While both involve repeating elements, parallelism focuses on repeating grammatical structures, whereas repetition involves repeating words or phrases for emphasis.
Is parallelism only used in formal writing?
No, parallelism is found in various forms of writing, including literature, speeches, advertising slogans, and everyday expressions.
Can parallelism improve persuasive writing?
Absolutely. Parallelism can strengthen arguments by clearly presenting related ideas and emphasizing key points, making the message more compelling.
Conclusion
Understanding and applying parallelism can significantly enhance your writing by improving clarity, adding rhythm, and emphasizing connections between ideas. By studying examples from literature, speeches, and everyday language, you can learn to incorporate this powerful rhetorical device into your own work, making your writing more engaging and effective.
